{"id":8153,"date":"2023-06-16T14:22:33","date_gmt":"2023-06-16T17:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/?p=8153"},"modified":"2023-06-16T14:34:11","modified_gmt":"2023-06-16T17:34:11","slug":"o-dna-e-sua-turbulenta-descoberta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/o-dna-e-sua-turbulenta-descoberta\/","title":{"rendered":"(Portugu\u00eas) O DNA e sua turbulenta descoberta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8153\" class=\"elementor elementor-8153\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-47070da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"47070da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61b42be\" data-id=\"61b42be\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb261ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"cb261ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1328ce3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1328ce3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-571538c\" data-id=\"571538c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aa709b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2aa709b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O DNA e sua turbulenta descoberta<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54c6b88 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54c6b88\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-108274d\" data-id=\"108274d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff065d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff065d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conhe\u00e7a os acontecimentos por tr\u00e1s do desvendamento da estrutura da mol\u00e9cula\nda vida, fato que mudou a hist\u00f3ria da humanidade para sempre.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f98ab8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f98ab8b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-60a648c\" data-id=\"60a648c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a552b16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a552b16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"626\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/imagem_2023-06-16_135209483.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8277\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/imagem_2023-06-16_135209483.png 626w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/imagem_2023-06-16_135209483-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/imagem_2023-06-16_135209483-400x240.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad9ae48 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"ad9ae48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-ec060ea elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/author\/icbjr\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-user-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tICBjr\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-a87df96 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/2023\/06\/16\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>June 16, 2023<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-17b0a4a elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-clock\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>2:22 pm<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-377f8cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"377f8cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dbd2db0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dbd2db0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-01fdd79\" data-id=\"01fdd79\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6748977 elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6748977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Atualmente, muito se sabe sobre o DNA e sobre a sua import\u00e2ncia para a vida para a hereditariedade. Entretanto, nem sempre a estrutura e funcionamento da mol\u00e9cula da vida foi bem compreendida e pouco se sabe dos conflitos e disputas por tr\u00e1s dessa descoberta. Ent\u00e3o, vamos explorar o mundo microsc\u00f3pico do DNA e o seu desvendamento!\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Primeiramente, precisamos estabelecer, o que \u00e9 DNA? Esta t\u00e3o famosa mol\u00e9cula n\u00e3o passa de uma grande repeti\u00e7\u00e3o de nucleot\u00eddeos organizados de maneira helicoidal. Mas calma l\u00e1, nucleot\u00eddeos helicoidal, como assim?<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-596e21b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"596e21b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a6086e4\" data-id=\"a6086e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93765cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93765cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">Sim, o DNA \u00e9 constitu\u00eddo de mol\u00e9culas diferentes, ainda que similares. Os nucleot\u00eddeos s\u00e3o sempre compostos de tr\u00eas grupos de mol\u00e9culas, sendo dois deles sempre presentes: o grupo fosfato, que \u00e9 uma mol\u00e9cula inorg\u00e2nica e confere a carga negativa ao DNA e a pentose, que \u00e9 um a\u00e7\u00facar e, para o DNA, \u00e9 a desoxirribose. Al\u00e9m dessas, temos uma terceira mol\u00e9cula org\u00e2nica que pode ser diferente, possuindo 4 op\u00e7\u00f5es: Timina, Adenina, Guanina e Citosina. Assim temos 4 tipos de nucleot\u00eddeos diferentes que ir\u00e3o compor a nossa grande mol\u00e9cula de DNA.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">E, importante, esses nucleot\u00eddeos tem seus favoritos, Timina s\u00f3 gosta de Adenina, fazendo liga\u00e7\u00e3o preferencialmente com ela, enquanto Citosina e Guanina formam um outro par. Guarde essa informa\u00e7\u00e3o pra depois\u2026 Bom, agora que temos uma ideia bem b\u00e1sica da estrutura do DNA, senta que l\u00e1 vem hist\u00f3ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #2d334d; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; text-align: justify;\">\n<\/p><p style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #2d334d; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">Tudo come\u00e7ou em 1865, quando Mendel, o pai da gen\u00e9tica, estudou os caracteres heredit\u00e1rios de ervilhas, em que as informa\u00e7\u00f5es podem ser passadas atrav\u00e9s de gera\u00e7\u00f5es. Ent\u00e3o, em 1871, Friedrich Miescher estava estudando linf\u00f3citos e conseguiu extrair uma subst\u00e2ncia branca, a qual ele batizou de nucle\u00edna, j\u00e1 que ele sabia que estava no n\u00facleo. Posteriormente, um aluno de Miescher deu o nome de \u00c1cidos Nucleicos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6b2c3d7\" data-id=\"6b2c3d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a31db40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a31db40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"254\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/da40e24d-e3c0-4e95-a6f6-3399e782d3b7.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8261\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/da40e24d-e3c0-4e95-a6f6-3399e782d3b7.jpg 254w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/da40e24d-e3c0-4e95-a6f6-3399e782d3b7-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fcef196 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fcef196\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2886078\" data-id=\"2886078\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d33661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d33661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">Mas ainda assim, nessa \u00e9poca, n\u00e3o se tinha certeza que o DNA era respons\u00e1vel pela heran\u00e7a, pois muito se acreditava que prote\u00ednas desempenhavam essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o. At\u00e9 que em 1944, Oswald Avery utilizou-se de estudos pr\u00e9vios com bact\u00e9rias<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">virulentas e n\u00e3o virulentas de Frederick Griffith para provar a import\u00e2ncia do DNA.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c707e31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c707e31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-92e2072 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"92e2072\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37d5add\" data-id=\"37d5add\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-441abb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"441abb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"888\" src=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/5a4de160-0d47-406e-be54-db14d548adda-738x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8262\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/5a4de160-0d47-406e-be54-db14d548adda-738x1024.jpg 738w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/5a4de160-0d47-406e-be54-db14d548adda-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/5a4de160-0d47-406e-be54-db14d548adda-400x555.jpg 400w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/5a4de160-0d47-406e-be54-db14d548adda.jpg 739w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca7e838\" data-id=\"ca7e838\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ef223a elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ef223a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><br><\/p><p>Basicamente, Griffith viu que ao misturar bact\u00e9rias virulentas mortas \u00e0s n\u00e3o virulentas ocorre uma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o e as n\u00e3o virulentas come\u00e7aram a expressar virul\u00eancia. Posteriormente, Avery, interessado com esses estudos, tratou essas amostras com 3 solu\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes. Ao tratar a amostra com proteases, tirando assim as prote\u00ednas, e com ribonucleases, tirando o RNA, nada ocorreu e a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o foi mantida. Entretanto, ao se tratar com desoxiribonuclease, tirando o DNA, a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o foi mantida. Assim, provando que o DNA \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel pela transmiss\u00e3o de caracteres. Em 1952, Alfred Hershey e Martha Chase, utilizando bacteriofagos marcados radioativamente, mostraram, novamente, que o DNA \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel pela heran\u00e7a de caracteres.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><br><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">Agora, voltando um pouco, em 1949 algo bem relevante para essa nossa hist\u00f3ria foi&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">descoberto, Erwin Chargaff descobriu que a propor\u00e7\u00e3o de Timinas quando&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">comparadas com Adeninas era sempre pr\u00f3xima de 1, assim como a de Citosina&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">com Guanina. Assim, mostrou-se que Timinas ligam-se com Adeninas e Citosinas c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">om Guaninas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\n<\/p><p style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\">Mas agora chegamos no momento tenso dessa hist\u00f3ria. No come\u00e7o da d\u00e9cada de 50, muitos grupos de pesquisadores estavam tentando desvendar a estrutura do DNA, mas 3 se destacavam: Linus Pauling, Rosalind Franklin com Maurice Wilkins e James Watson com Francis Crick.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: &quot;Nunito Sans&quot;, abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b6daa7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b6daa7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-47fdc6e\" data-id=\"47fdc6e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc08a76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc08a76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">Linus Pauling prop\u00f4s uma estrutura de tripla h\u00e9lice com os grupos fosfatos virados para dentro, o que est\u00e1 errado j\u00e1 que o fosfato seria o &#8220;corrim\u00e3o&#8221; da nossa escadinha do DNA. Quando Watson e Crick viram a estrutura de Pauling eles perceberam que ele estava errado, mas que Pauling estava muito perto de descobrir e estava \u00e0 frente deles. Watson e Crick perceberam que Pauling estava errado pois eles leram o trabalho do Chargaff, lembra da import\u00e2ncia dos nucleot\u00eddeos terem pares preferenciais? Ent\u00e3o, eles imaginaram que, por estarem organizados em pares, a estrutura seria uma dupla h\u00e9lice e n\u00e3o tripla.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7818b1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7818b1a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-136caef\" data-id=\"136caef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c812c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c812c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; color: var( --e-global-color-b1581ad ); font-size: 1.6rem;\">Entretanto, eles n\u00e3o teriam chegado a essa conclus\u00e3o se n\u00e3o fosse por Rosalind Franklin. Com seus estudos de cristalografia de raio-x e a famosa fotografia 51, Rosalind Franklin descobriu a estrutura do DNA. O X da fotografia indica que \u00e9 helicoidal e a falha indica que \u00e9 uma dupla h\u00e9lice. Rosalind Franklin ainda foi capaz de dizer a dist\u00e2ncia de 0,34 nan\u00f4metros entre os nucleot\u00eddeos.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">O que acontece \u00e9 que Wilkins, que sempre menosprezou Rosalind Franklin, entregou os dados da pesquisadora para Watson e Crick que juntamente com o conhecimento dos pares proporcionado por Chargaff desvendaram em 1953 a estrutura do DNA.<\/p><p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">Nove anos depois, em 1962 Watson, Crick e Wilkins ganharam um Nobel pela descoberta do DNA e a Rosalind Franklin n\u00e3o. Muitos dizem que ela n\u00e3o recebeu, pois ela j\u00e1 havia falecido, devido a intensa intera\u00e7\u00e3o com raio x devido ao seu trabalho, e n\u00e3o h\u00e1 Nobel postmortem. Entretanto, as desaven\u00e7as entre os ganhadores e Rosalind era clara , tanto que em seu livro, Watson menospreza Rosalind e outras pessoas com quem trabalhou e at\u00e9 chega a citar que ela poderia ser mais bonita se fizesse algo com o cabelo.<\/p><p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">Assim, com muitas reviravoltas e anos bem agitados na corrida para desvendar a estrutura do DNA, a mol\u00e9cula foi finalmente descoberta com o aux\u00edlio de todos os nomes que aqui citamos e muitos outros. Sem essas in\u00fameras contribui\u00e7\u00f5es, sem os trabalhos de Avery, Chargaff e principalmente Rosalind Franklin o DNA teria demorado anos a mais para ser desvendado.<\/p><p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"font-family: 'Nunito Sans', abril; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">Embora essa hist\u00f3ria pudesse ter sido mais harmoniosa com o respeito e ajuda entre os pesquisadores, ela nos refor\u00e7a a ideia de paradigmas at\u00e9 hoje vividos por diversas parcelas da sociedade no campo da ci\u00eancia e muitos outros. Assim, devemos reconhecer a import\u00e2ncia e a contribui\u00e7\u00e3o que as mulheres t\u00eam e tiveram na ci\u00eancia. De todos os nomes citados neste texto apenas duas mulheres estavam presentes, isso n\u00e3o reflete a capacidade delas em produzir conhecimento, mas sim as dificuldades que enfrentam at\u00e9 hoje em todos os momentos da vida, precisando provar sua capacidade e se esfor\u00e7ar o dobro para receber metade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5348b87\" data-id=\"5348b87\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bbcc48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2bbcc48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"558\" src=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/89e27935-c358-42ef-ae2f-b3b559545ff4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8269\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/89e27935-c358-42ef-ae2f-b3b559545ff4.jpg 600w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/89e27935-c358-42ef-ae2f-b3b559545ff4-300x279.jpg 300w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/89e27935-c358-42ef-ae2f-b3b559545ff4-400x372.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9edbbd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9edbbd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fotografia 51<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0baa13f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0baa13f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a421b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4a421b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/fd498b1c-8440-4da9-beba-7eb54080ff98.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8270\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/fd498b1c-8440-4da9-beba-7eb54080ff98.jpg 850w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/fd498b1c-8440-4da9-beba-7eb54080ff98-300x114.jpg 300w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/fd498b1c-8440-4da9-beba-7eb54080ff98-768x293.jpg 768w, https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/623\/2023\/06\/fd498b1c-8440-4da9-beba-7eb54080ff98-400x152.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c181074 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c181074\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Em ordem: James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, e Rosalind Franklin<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4043505 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4043505\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e79554\" data-id=\"8e79554\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ef8bb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7ef8bb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-982498d elementor-post-navigation-borders-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-navigation\" data-id=\"982498d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-navigation.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__prev elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/3-dicas-para-se-dar-bem-com-a-vigilancia-sanitaria\/\" rel=\"prev\"><span class=\"post-navigation__arrow-wrapper post-navigation__arrow-prev\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Prev<\/span><\/span><span class=\"elementor-post-navigation__link__prev\"><span class=\"post-navigation__prev--label\">ANTERIOR<\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__prev--title\">(Portugu\u00eas) 3 dicas para se dar bem com a vigil\u00e2ncia sanit\u00e1ria!<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__next elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/2-motivos-para-contratar-uma-consultoria-cientifica\/\" rel=\"next\"><span class=\"elementor-post-navigation__link__next\"><span class=\"post-navigation__next--label\">POSTERIOR<\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__next--title\">(Portugu\u00eas) 2 motivos para contratar uma Consultoria Cient\u00edfica<\/span><\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__arrow-wrapper post-navigation__arrow-next\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Next<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa762a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fa762a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O DNA e sua turbulenta descoberta Conhe\u00e7a os acontecimentos por tr\u00e1s do desvendamento da estrutura da mol\u00e9cula da vida, fato que mudou a hist\u00f3ria da humanidade para sempre. Atualmente, muito se sabe sobre o DNA e sobre a sua import\u00e2ncia para a vida para a hereditariedade. Entretanto, nem sempre a estrutura e funcionamento da mol\u00e9cula<a href=\"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/o-dna-e-sua-turbulenta-descoberta\/\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1200,"featured_media":8277,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[95,98],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia","category-divulgacao-cientifica"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1200"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8153"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8282,"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8153\/revisions\/8282"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icbjr.icb.usp.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}